Sterilisable composite film for packaging purposes

ABSTRACT

The process for preparing a composite film for packaging purposes, that includes coextruding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene-2, 6-naphthalate (PEN) to form a film of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate. On at least one of the at least one PEN-coated side, a ceramic layer of SiO x , where x is number between 0.9 and 2, is deposited by means of the thin-film vacuum process through the simultaneous vaporization of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and metallic silicon, or by the vaporization of silicon monoxide (SiO) in a vacuum. Each of the at least one ceramic layers of SiO x  having a thickness of 10 nm to 200 nm. The resultant composite film retains effective permeability barrier effect for water vapor and gases after sterilization in a water bath or in water vapor at a temperature of more than 90° C.

[0001] The invention concerns a composite film for packaging purposes with good permeability barrier effect for water vapour and gases after sterilisation in a water bath or in water vapour at temperatures of more than 90° C., where the composite film also has as a substantial constituent a barrier layer with SiO_(x) which is produced by the vaporisation of inorganic materials. Also within the framework of this invention lies a process for the production of the composite film and its usage.

[0002] In a recognized method of prolonging the durability of perishable products such as foodstuffs, the products are sterilised in a packaged state. To achieve this the filling material is heated briefly in its sealed packaging by autoclaving in hot water or water vapour at temperatures of up to 130° C.

[0003] The known transparent composite films used today for packaging foodstuffs often lack sufficient barrier properties to water vapour, oxygen and aromas after sterilisation treatment. Examples are ethylvinyl alcohols (EVOH) and copolymers of EVOH and polyethylene (PE), the barrier properties of which deteriorate especially in very moist conditions, resulting in a milky appearance. Better barrier properties are achieved by coating a silicon monoxide-coated film of polyethylene terephthalate, but when heated at high temperatures these films show not only a yellowish discoloration but also a decrease in barrier properties.

[0004] The invention is therefore based on the tasks of creating a composite film of the type described initially which shows improved barrier properties with regard to water vapour, oxygen and aromas after sterilisation treatment in comparison with state of the art transparent film laminates.

[0005] The solution of the task according to the invention leads to the composite film comprising a film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Keith a co-extruded layer of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN) on at least one side, and the film on at least one of the PEN-coated sides has a 10 to 200 nm thick ceramic layer of SiO_(x), where x is a number between 0.9 and 2, produced by the simultaneous vaporisation of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and metallic silicon in a vacuum.

[0006] The term PEN is used below to mean not only the pure polymer but also a mixture of polymers consisting of at least 60 w. % ethylene-2,6-naphthalate units and up to 40 w. % ethylene terephthalate units and or units of cycloaliphatic or aromatic diols and or dicarbonic acids.

[0007] The preferred PEN layer has a polymer consistency of at least 65 w. % ethylene-2,6-naphthalate units and up to 35 w. % ethylene terephthalate units. Particularly preferred is a PEN layer with a polymer consistency of at least 70 w. % ethylene-2,6-naphthalate units and up to 30 w. % ethylene terephthalate units. As stated above, the PEN layer can, however, consist entirely of ethylene-2,6-naphthalate polymers.

[0008] Suitable aliphatic diols are for example diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, aliphatic glycols of the general formula HO—(CH₂)_(n)—OH, whereby n is an integer between 3 and 6 (in particular propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, pentane-1,5-diol, and hexane-1,6-diol) or branched chain aliphatic glycols with up to 6 carbon atoms. Suitable cycloaliphatic diols include cyclohexane diols (in particular cyclohexane-1,4-diol) Other suitable aromatic diols correspond for example to the formula HO—C₆H₄—X— C₆H₄—OH, where X stands for —CH₂—, —C(CH₃)₂—, —C(CF₃)₂—, —O—, —S—, or SO₂. In addition to the above, bisphenols of the formula HO—C₆H₄—C₆H₄—OH are suitable.

[0009] Preferred aromatic dicarbonic acids are benzo-dicarbonic acids, naphthalene dicarbonic acids (for example naphthalene-1,4 or 1,6-dicarbonic acids), biphenyl-x,x′-dicarbonic acids (in particular biphenyl-4,4′-dicarbonic acids), diphenylacetylene-x,x′-dicarbonic acids (in particular diphenylacetylene-4,4′-dicarbonic acids) or stilbene-x,x′-dicarbonic acids. Of the cycloaliphatic dicarbonic acids, cyclohexane dicarbonic acids should be mentioned. Of the aliphatic dicarbonic acids the (C₃-C₁₉) alkane di-acids are particularly suitable, when the alkane part is either in a straight chain or can be branched.

[0010] A preferred method of producing PEN/PET film includes the following steps:

[0011] a) production of the film by co-extrusion

[0012] b) bi-axial extension of the film and

[0013] c) thermofixing of the extended film.

[0014] The PEN layer can be arranged on one or both sides of the PET film. A unilateral attachment of the PEN layer is preferred where a further layer of PET containing extra anti-blocking agents can be attached to the side facing away from the PEN layer.

[0015] The PEN layer preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 4 μm, in particular 0.2 to 2 μm. The preferred thickness of the ceramic layer of SiO_(x) lies between 40 and 150 nm.

[0016] In the first preferred variant the x of the SiO_(x) ceramic layer is a number between 0.9 and 1.2. After sterilisation, a film coated in this way has an oxygen barrier which is 10 times better than that of state of the art films, although there is a degree of yellowing.

[0017] In the second preferred variant the x of the SiO_(x) ceramic layer is a number between 1.3 and 2, in particular between 1.5 and 1.8. A film coated in this way shows even better barrier properties after sterilisation treatment and in particular shows no discoloration.

[0018] Depending on its application, the composite film ultimately to be used for packaging purposes may contain, in addition to the PEN/PET film coated with SiO_(x), further films for example films made out of PET or an oriented polyamide (oPA), or the composite film can be coated, in order to control the sealing qualities, with a sealing layer made for example of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE). The joining of the individual films into a composite film is usually achieved by means of polyurethane-based laminate adhesives.

[0019] The ceramic SiO_(x) layers can for example be deposited onto the PEN/PET film by processes in thin-film vacuum technology, preferably by electrode beam vaporisation, where in any such case, the ceramic layer is arranged as an interface layer on the PEN-coated side of the composite film and is covered by a further film layer or a laminate adhesive.

[0020] By means of a thin-film vacuum process, which is known in itself, a 10 nm to 200 nm thick ceramic layer of SiO_(x), where x is a number between 0.9 and 2, is deposited by the simultaneous vaporisation in a vacuum of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and metallic silicon. The film coated with the ceramic layer is then laminated with the other films, which can also be printed, into a composite film.

[0021] It is preferable that the SiO₂ and Si are vaporised together from a single vaporisation source, i.e. from a mixture of SiO₂ and Si.

[0022] To produce a ceramic SiO_(x) layer, where x is a number between 1.3 and 2, further substances can be added to the SiO₂ as the materials to be vaporised such as Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and MgO in quantities of up to 50 mol %, preferably 5 to 30 mol %, always in relation to SiO₂.

[0023] Further additives which can be added to the materials for vaporisation are for example Al, B and or Mg in their pure form or as Si alloys, in quantities of up to 50 mol %, preferably 5 to 30 mol %), always in relation to Si.

[0024] The quantity ratio of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and MgO to Si, Al, B and Mg is for example set such that stoichiometrically it gives an oxygen deficiency of between 10 and 30% in relation to the sums of the pure oxides in the vaporised material.

[0025] The coating process is controlled by the material vaporisation rate, the deposit rate on the substrate and the exposure period of the substrate in the vacuum chamber atmosphere, such that it produces the desired layer thickness of the SiO_(x) coating.

[0026] In the production of a ceramic layer of SiO_(x), where x is a number between 0.9 and 1.2, instead of a simultaneous vaporisation of SiO₂ and Si, silicon monoxide (SiO) can be vaporised.

[0027] A plasma pre-treatment of the PEN/PET film before the SiO_(x) coating leads to a further improvement in barrier properties against water vapour and oxygen.

[0028] The composite film according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of flexible packaging such as sachets and as a covering material for sealing containers. One particularly preferred application for the composite film according to the invention is for the packaging of basic and luxury food items which are sterilised in their packaged state in a water bath or water vapour at temperatures of more than 90° C.

[0029] The composite film according to the invention is also suitable for use as a barrier material in the technical and medical arenas.

[0030] The superiority of the composite film according to the invention in comparison with the usual materials in use today with regard to barrier effect against oxygen and water vapour is supported by the measurement results for the said characteristics compiled in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0031] The composite films tested have the following composition:

[0032] 1. PET, coated with SiO/PET/PP

[0033] 2. PET, coated with SiO_(1.6)/PET/PP

[0034] 3. PET (12 μm)-PEN (1 μm), co-extruded and coated with SiO(100 μm)/PET/PP

[0035] 4. Layer structure as in 3 but coated with a ceramic layer of the SiO_(1.6) compound.

[0036] Composite film No. 1 is a commercially available packaging film described as sterilisable and serves here as a comparison example. Similarly composite film No. 2 is a comparison example. Composite films Nos. 3 and 4 are the composite films according to the invention with ceramic layers of differing composition: this corresponds in composite No. 3 to the SiO formula and in composite No. 4 to the SiO_(1.6) formula. TABLE 1 Oxygen barriers at 25° C. and 50% r.h. cm³/(m² 24 h bar) After After Before sterilisation sterilisation sterilisation after Composite Before at 121° C., 130° C., 50 Gelboflex Number sterilisation 30 mins 30 mins cycles* 1 0.3 0.3 7.0 1.8 2 0.2 7.0 15.0 1.8 3 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.4 4 0.08 0.5 0.7 0.5

[0037] TABLE 2 Water vapour barriers at 25° C. and 100% r.h. in g/(m² 24 h bar) After After Before sterilisation sterilisation sterilisation after Composite Before at 121° C., 130° C., 50 Gelboflex Number sterilisation 30 mins 30 mins cycles* 1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 2 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.3 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 

1. Composite film for packaging purposes with good permeability barrier effect for water vapour and gases after sterilisation in a water bath or in water vapour at temperatures of more than 90° C., where the composite film also has as a substantial constituent a barrier layer with SiO_(x) produced by the vaporisation of anorganic materials, characterised in that the composite film comprises a film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a co-extruded layer of polyethylene-2-,6-naphthalate (PEN) on at least one side and the film on at least one of the PEN-coated sides has a 10 nm to 200 nm thick ceramic layer of SiO_(x), where x is a number between 0.9 and 2, produced by the simultaneous vaporisation of silicon dioxide (SiO²) and metallic silicon or by the vaporisation of silicon monoxide (SiO) in a vacuum.
 2. Composite film according to claim 1, characterised in that the PEN layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 4 μm, preferably 0.2 to 2 μm.
 3. Composite film according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the ceramic layer of SiO_(x) has a thickness of between 40 and 150 nm.
 4. Composite film according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the x of the ceramic layer of SiO_(x) is a number between 0.9 and 1.2.
 5. Composite film according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the x of the ceramic layer of SiO_(x) is a number between 1.3 and 2, preferably between 1.5 and 1.8.
 6. Process for production of a composite film for packaging purposes according to any of claims 1 to 5, where individual films are laminated into the composite film, characterised in that on a film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated on at least one side with polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN), on at least one of the PEN-coated sides, is deposited a ceramic layer of SiO_(x), where x is a number between 0.9 and 2, by means of the thin-film vacuum process through the simultaneous vaporisation of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and metallic silicon, and the film coated with the ceramic layer is subsequently laminated with the further films to form the composite film.
 7. Process according to claim 6, characterised in that SiO₂ and Si are vaporised together as a mixture.
 8. Process according to claim 6 or 7 for production of a composite film according to claim 5, characterised in that to the materials to be vaporised are added further additives, in particular Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and MgO, in quantities of up to 50 mol %, preferably 5 to 30 mol %, always in relation to SiO₂.
 9. Process according to claim 6 or 7 for production of a composite film according to claim 5, characterised in that to the materials to be vaporised are added further additives, in particular Al, B and/or Mg in pure form or as Si alloy, in quantities of up to 50 mol %, preferably 5 to 30 mol %, always in relation to Si.
 10. Process according to any of claims 6 to 9 for production of a composite film according to claim 5, characterised in that the quantitative ratio of SiO₂ to Si is set such that stoichiometrically it gives an oxygen deficiency of between 10 and 30%, in relation to the pure oxide in the vaporised material.
 11. Process according to claims 8 and 9, characterised in that the quantitative ratio of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and MgO to Si, Al, B and Mg is set such that stoichiometrically it gives an oxygen deficiency of between 10 and 30% in relation to the sums of the pure oxides in the vaporised material.
 12. Process according to any of claims 6 to 12, characterised in that the PET film coated with PEN is subjected to plasma pre-treatment before the SiO_(x) coating.
 13. Use of a composite film according to any of claims 1 to 5 in the form of sachets and flexible container covers as sterilisable packaging for basic and luxury food items.
 14. Use of a composite film according to any of claims 1 to 5 as a barrier material in the technical and medical arenas. 